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The Coming World Government |
| [Reprinted from Land
and Freedom, March-April 1942] |
THE whole world has suddenly come together. The contact has taken the
form of conflict. We have in the past neglected the increasing trend
toward world-wide associations and their attendant problems -- and the
fact is now forcing itself upon our attention rather unpleasantly.
Societies have at last developed to the point where they can no longer
continue isolated from one another. Our social and economic life has
been steadily weaving a world pattern; the natural associations of men,
commercial and cultural, have been naturally expanding. But our
political systems have been far behind. Up to now we have allowed
ourselves to think in terms of self-sufficient political units. We have
not expanded our concepts and conformed our governments to the natural
developments of social evolution -- and the consequences have caught up
with us.
It is true that in various ways the fact of a world society has been
reckoned with. There are various international agreements and "laws,"
an international postal system, etc." And there have been some
attempts to assemble the high contracting parties of nations, such as
the League of Nations and the World Court. But it is evident that such
half-hearted concessions are not enough.
Things have come to a point where the nations of the earth are ranged
on either side of one great potential world order. The stakes/indeed,
are globe-wide, and one or the other side , must emerge as the
globe-wide governing factor.
Most of us believe that the totalitarian nations will be defeated and
that the democracies will emerge victorious. Our feeling is that those
governments based upon tyranny, and whose very philosophy is force,
might, dotmination, aggression, control, must finally fall; and that
government based upon respect for the individual and a just social order
must triumph. We can no longer be content with a spot on earth where
government based upon equality and justice holds sway, and tolerate
governments based upon tyranny and aggression elsewhere. In a world that
has come together, a world government is, in the course of things,
inevitable. We must see to it that it is the right kind.
Indeed, because we were content to allow democracy to be passive, we
have left it to the Axis to take the initiative in planning a world
order. We don't want it -- but what were we doing while it was being
planned? We wanted to be left alone. This apathy is being knocked out of
us. We have already learned that a defensive war is not enough, but that
the enemy has to be counter-attacked. We have yet to learn that the
enemy's ideology and planning have also to be counter-attacked -- that
there must be an offensive of planning and propagation of democracy on
our part. We must plan for a democratic world government as the
alternative to a fascist world order.
A world government can be democratic. Such a government extending its
sway throughout the earth does not mean a centralized bureaucratic
control of all things. It does mean a code of laws under which all
peoples will live and be guaranteed certain rights. Such a code must be
supreme over all other autonomous bodies and there must be formed the
proper organization to make it effective. The League of Nations was
ineffectual because it offered no joint authority upon which all might
agree and it did not at all curb the autonomy and imperialism of its
member nations.
The Anglo-American system must be the basis of the pattern for a
democratic world order. Under this system political democracy has
evolved, and under this framework the durable achievements in man's
struggles toward freedom have been made. Certainly, of all forms of
government, it is the one most capable of evolving toward a fuller
realization of the rights of man. It promises much if proper use is made
of it. It is an organic thing, capable of great mobility and adaptation,
simply because it is the framework for the guarantee of rights and
freedom and rule by the people. And only under such a form can the will
of the people express itself. The only alternative is an autocracy, or
some oligarchy, in which the will of some is imposed on the rest of the
people.
The United States of America supplies us with a model government for a
United States of the world. Following its example, the nations of the
earth would play the same role as the states of our nation, exercising
autonomy of their own within specified limits; but a federal government,
with its legislative, executive and judicial branches, under democratic
control, would be supreme in order to make effective the world code of
laws.
This is not so far-fetched. Already, influential groups are studying
the cherished documents of .democracy in a quest for an "international
Bill of Rights" for the post-war world, If this is to be more than
a pleasant scholarly pursuit, the means for effecting such a code must
also be probed.
The spiritual atmosphere today is more favorable for the idea of a
world government than it was during World War I, for instance. There
seems to be more realization, happily, that we are not fighting the
people of the enemy nations, but their governments. There is not even
any noticeable tendency, formerly so general, to be contemptuous of the
cultural and social heritage of the enemy nations. The people of those
countries are human, and they have a place in the world -- they and
their culture. We are not fighting that they may be crushed. Indeed, it
is only under a government that guarantees rights and liberties that any
sort of culture can thrive. It is for them, too, that we are fighting --
if we are prepared to take the next step.
But we must also be prepared to make the democratic way a reality to
the people that are already under our control. Large sections of
humanity which have hitherto been, neglected or abused, such as those of
Asia, must come in for more general respect and consideration in the
world order to come. Elementary rights must be restored to these people.
Just as we feel that the totalitarians are sealing their own doom by
their frightful violations of human rights, so must we expect calamity
to the extent that we abuse these rights. As a matter of fact, are we
not, in the case of India, witnessing the results of these abuses? Would
it not have been better for the Allied cause if freedom had been trusted
there?
Among all peoples, including those who today enjoy the rights of
democratic government, democracy must be made more functional and vital.
There are privileges and monopolies to be gotten rid of, and economic
freedom to be established. Under the democratic form, privileges have
before been overthrown and freedoms established, and the process must
continue.
As a result of the privileges and monopolies that democracy is now
carrying like a dead weight, a factor has entered the scene which must
be reckoned with -- a factor that will indubitably play its role in the
world of tomorrow. This is the increasing trend toward communization, or
mass-organization, within the democracies. It would, of course, be rash
to say that privilege is the sole cause of this trend. It may well be
part of the drift toward a world order -- the integrating of the entire
social organism -- that assumes the forms it does because of economic
arid social malformations. These forms -- labor unions, cooperatives,
increased socialization by government, etc. -- might be regarded as a "governor"
in human nature making an effort to restore some sort of equilibrium, or
equality, from which we have strayed as a result of "rugged
individual ism" and neglect and abuse of human rights.
There is a very real and qualitative difference between this sort of
communization and the centralization one observes in fascist countries.
(It would be but candid to admit, too, that there is a difference
between communism and fascism.) Fascism is control from the top. In its
very inception it is the result of fear of mass control -- of the sort
of communization that is growing in the democracies. It was born in an
attempt to crush the proletariat. It is the last bulwark against the
surge of the people. Nor is the trend being ignored by our own fascists.
It is a matter of record that the privileged classes in the democracies
have been, and are still, looking to some sort of fascism as a
protection against the masses. And there are many who, from less
sinister reasons perhaps, fear communism more than fascism and would
sooner turn to the latter than the former if the choice were inevitable.
But there is little doubt that the trend toward mass organization and
communication will increase after the war, assuming an Axis defeat. If
it is able to gain ground in a democratic government, without violation
of democratic codes, that indicates that it is in the nature of a social
force, close to the will of the people. In the coming world government,
this force will unquestionably play a part -- hence, it is a factor we
must reckon with.
The function of leaders is to understand and accept as realities the
social forces around them; to work with it and strive from it toward the
norm. Our leaders surely ought to under stand that an extreme
collectivism is not toward the norm of a Good Society. They ought to
know that the goal is freedom. And those who cherish that goal ought
certainly to reckon with the realities that do exist.
Herein a balance must be struck. Many leaders of thought have indeed
perceived the trend toward socialization in the world today, but have
been derelict in their duty by being so "objective" as to lose
sight of the norm; indeed, many of them, to their shame, have built
schemes which go in the opposite direction from the norm. On the other
hand, followers of Henry George, possessing the key to economic freedom,
have been too inclined to concentrate on the distant goal without
reckoning with realities.
If Georgeists can but understand and accept the social forces about
them, and adjust their tasks to these forces, the Georgeist philosophy
cannot help but become a guiding philosophy in the reconstruction of the
world of tomorrow.
Taking the world as they find it, they must choose between a democratic
world order with its communizing tendencies, or a fascistic world order
with its totalitarian tendencies. Their choice must lie with the former.
The probable outcome of this war is the triumph of such a social order,
and it must be accepted as the vehicle through which Georgeists may
inject their ideology.
This does not mean acceptance in any passive sense. It means being
prepared for a fait accompli, for the sort of society that will
probably emerge as a result of the state of mind of the people, as a
reflection of what people have learned so far. The function of
Georgeists must be one of guidance -- to lead humanity toward a better
world by opening up the possibility of a better world. They will be
better equipped for this task by coming to terms with the world that is.
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