.
Henry George in our Colleges and
Universities |
| [Reprinted from Land
and Freedom, September-October, 1942] |
Can we spread an understanding of Henry George in college classrooms?
After eight weeks in the field, I am prepared to say that we can, if we
work along established lines. Professors are not missionaries, and we
must not expect them to act that part. They will, however, present the
subject in what they consider a fair manner, and they will distribute to
their students literature which they feel is pertinent, provided the
subject is honestly presented and is free from propaganda.
During July and August I toured the country on behalf of the
Foundation's college work. My trip covered 7,500 miles. I visited 35
colleges and had interviews with 126 professors. To each of these men I
sent literature suited to the specific work in which he will engage this
term. I am confident that in most of the institutions I visited George
will receive a better hearing.
In the Principles of Economics courses, George's Law of Rent is widely
discussed in almost every college. However, a check of the libraries
discloses that only a small number of students take the book out for
study. A pamphlet containing George's chapters on rent is now being
prepared by the Foundation, and will be supplied to the professors
teaching the "Principles" courses. The professor will
cooperate in the distribution of this pamphlet because he wants these
chapters read. Similarly, in the "History of Economic Thought"
courses where George is considered quite thoroughly, a pamphlet can be
designed to fit the course's own requirements, and cooperation in its
distribution is assured. In the Labor courses, I found that The
Condition of Labor has a special appeal. One well known professor
whose books on labor problems are widely read, told me that for years he
has required his students to read George's answer to Pope Leo XIII. I
used this testimonial with good results when talking to men giving
similar courses in other colleges. This is another pamphlet we can print
for classroom circulation.
Suppose we print this literature and the professors give it to their
students. Will it lead to a study of the whole philosophy? I predict
that it will have important results. "Get a bright young chap
interested in George," one professor said to me, "and he gives
the class and himself no rest -- they certainly 'put their teeth into
it.'"
I found friends in unexpected places. In a teacher's college in the
Northwest, for instance, I discovered a framed picture of Henry George
hanging in the office of the Economics Department and discovered that
the Head of the Department is devoting four sessions of each course to
Progress and Poverty, and is circulating a dozen copies of the
book, which he keeps in his own library. In Seattle I found a professor,
who took his doctor's degree at Princeton where copies of George's
masterpiece were offered to the students for fifty-five cents a copy.
His purchase of a copy had resulted in a close and convincing study. He
is now following Princeton's example in his own domain.
George gets some mention in the Sociology Department, though the use of
his books there is not extensive. I found one enthusiast in Chicago who
hails George's discovery of the relationship between poverty and
progress as an important contribution, and insists that his students
study sections of Progress and Poverty as part of their term's
work. He told me, with much satisfaction, of a young woman who had found
George particularly difficult, but who later returned to tell him that
she had finally mastered the book, read others in the set, and enrolled
for a course with the Henry George School in that City. "I think,"
the professor said, "you'd say I'd made a Single Taxer."
An essay contest for college students has already been suggested in
Land and Freedom's columns. I asked the opinion of many of the
men to whom I talked, and they endorsed it as a workable plan. The
prize, they advised, should be cash or a scholarship. Such a contest
requires careful selection of topic, a competent Board of Judges and
proper publicity. It will take time to work out these details, but I
think it very probable that we shall undertake it very soon. Your
suggestions will help us - let us hear from you.
One of the most interesting interviews was with Professor John R.
Commons who, until his retirement ten-years ago, was an important member
of the faculty of the University of Wisconsin. I sought an audience with
Dr. Commons because of his long fight to bring about the taxation of
land values in the State of Wisconsin. Dr. Commons is eighty-six and
while he shows his age and must rely upon a cane, his mind is clear and
keen. I think you will, enjoy reading part of the report I made after my
talk with Dr. Commons:
"Dr. Commons said we will never get George taught in
the colleges by trying to force respect for his ideas alone. We must
do it by proof that it works. Urged research and publication of
reports of result of same. Said Pittsburgh-Scranton plan should be
analyzed carefully and report issued on its accomplishments and
defects. Said the Grimstead Bill which he supported in 1921 should be
analyzed and report of its aims and purposes issued. Said farmers had
been in favor of Grimstead Bill, but he could not get any support,
financially or otherwise, to put the measure through.
"Dr. Commons differs from George in this: He believes we may
need other taxes (income) and should not limit ourselves to one tax.
He believes land should be taxed only on site value; that its natural
fertility should not enter into it at all. Would exempt from taxation
all improvements, irrigation, forestry, etc. Would have a soil expert
on every State Tax Commission Board. Said the fertility of the soil
can be measured as accurately as a yard of cloth. Said this fertility
was no use unless labor was applied to it and was part of the 'Divine
Providence Theory' which Adam Smith and others, as well as George,
believed in. As far as taxing incomes is concerned, he would tax
quality, not quantity. That is, he would break income down into that
derived from monopoly, privilege and land speculation, and tax that,
exempting all income derived from human labor (salaries, wages).
"He said he read Progress and Poverty in 1881, right
after it was first issued. It was that and only that book that started
him as an economist instead of a journalist, the career he had decided
upon. He considers Progress and Poverty the greatest book on
economics ever written, and the most widely read, with the possible
exception of Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations.
"His admiration and respect for Mr. Purdy is great. He said,
'Purdy and I could have accomplished something in land reform if we
could have got together -- he knows the city problems, I know the farm
problem,' I told Dr. Commons about Mr. Purdy's separation of land and
improvement taxes, and his land value maps. He said, Purdy is a rare
man.'"
Besides visiting the colleges, which were, of course, my main
assignment, I had the great pleasure of meeting scores of friends with
whom the Foundation has corresponded for many years. Their hospitality
will always live in my memory. They told me about what they were doing,
and questioned me eagerly about activities in New York. I left each
regretfully, for in each I found a friend,
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