| The
Georgist Philosophy Today |
| [A paper presented at
the Henry George International Conference, Philadelphia, PA,
September 1964] |
What I want to say to you tonight is too important to confuse with a
lot of words. What I have to say is simple and direct, so it will take
very few words to say it, and it can be better said with few words than
with many.
The important thing I want to tell you tonight is that you are really
very important people who have done something that is really very
important to the future of millions of people in this country and very
important to hundreds of millions of people in other lands.
I suppose it would sound pretty silly to liken you to the three hundred
Spartans who held the pass at Thermopylae against the myriad hosts of
Persia, for you don't look very military, and it would be just as
preposterous to liken you to Washington's little army of ragged
continentals holding out through that long and icy winter at Valley
Forge, for you don't exactly look ragged and, heaven knows, it isn't
cold here tonight, and anyhow nobody has been shooting at you with a
flintlock.
You don't look like a band of heroes and heroines, but nonetheless what
I want to say to you tonight is, quite simply, you have fought the good
fight, you have held the fort, and now at last we are beginning to win.
You have kept the faith alive when too many of the great and powerful
and learned mocked and derided you. You have held fast against the vast
vested interest in land speculation. You have raised a standard to which
the wise and honest can repair. You have saved one of the great social
philosophers of all time from being forgotten; in fact, you have made it
impossible to forget and ignore his teachings.
For this the world in time will indeed have cause to be grateful to you
-- and perhaps that time will be sooner than we have dared to hope.
There is nothing so powerful as an idea whose time has come, and now
each passing week brings cheering new evidence that the time is drawing
near for the great ideas you have helped keep alive through so many
years of discouragement.
Perhaps a little personal note will help dramatize the sudden change in
men's thinking. Not long ago a friend of mine was riding in a crowded
elevator at the University Club here when he heard a stranger mentioning
my name. Said the stranger: "I used to think Perry Prentice was
making a fool of himself by preaching land value taxation, but now by
golly I'm beginning to think he's right."
More and more important people are beginning to realize the importance
of taxing improvements less and taxing land more. Says Professor Colin
Clark of Oxford, who is fast taking the late Lord Keynes' place as
England's most honored economist: "Today any good economist can
demonstrate that the land taxis just about the only tax that does not
discourage enterprise."
Reported the Mayor's Special Planning Commission herein New York: "No
amount of code enforcement can stop the seemingly unstoppable spread of
slums until and unless the profit is taken out of slums by taxation."
Says Robert Hutchins, who won international fame as president of the
University of Chicago and now heads the multi-million-dollar Fund for
the Republic: "Today's property tax reflects and promotes almost
every unsound public policy anyone could imagine. The remedy is absurdly
simple: It is to take the tax off improvements and put in on the land.
The owner would then be taxed on what the community has done for him by
increasing the value of his land. He would not be punished for what he
had done for the community by improving his land and putting it to good
use."
But comments like these from men in high places are perhaps less
important than the growing consensus among disinterested students of the
land problem. Last winter Dean Gillies -- Director of the Real Estate
Research Program at the University of California in Los Angeles -- said
to me: "I think almost everybody out here is beginning to agree it
is important to tax land much more heavily." And Fortune
Magazine goes much further, spelling out in so many words that
"There is evident inequity in a tax system that puts
most of the tax burden on improvements. Inflated land prices are now
the biggest U.S. housing problem. Wages and prices have not kept up
with land prices, so more and more Americans are paying more and more
of their incomes for the privilege of living on earth. The high cost
of land has produced the urban sprawl and this in turn required
needlessly high taxes to pay for the stretch-out of roads, school bus
routes, sewer, water, and utility lines past scattered acres of vacant
land, which is now set apart from the market action of supply and
demand by preferential tax treatment."
After spelling all this out, Fortune then goes on to report that: "In
most areas there is growing local demand for higher taxes on land with
an accompanying reduction in taxes on improvements."
It's always easier to see the moat in somebody else'3 eye than to admit
the beam in our own, so it is hardly surprising that Americans are more
ready to recognize the need of land reform in other lands than to admit
that it is needed just as much right here at home. Pretty much everybody
is beginning to understand that without sweeping land reform there is
not much hope for much of Latin America. Pretty much everybody is
beginning to agree that the abuse of private property in land is playing
right into the Communists' hands in many lands whose governments we are
spending billions of foreign-aid dollars to keep in power. Pretty much
everybody realizes that Castro could never have taken over Cuba if
wealth there had not been so shamefully maldistributed with the
landowners undeservedly rich and most of the people intolerably poor.
Many people would now agree that it is one of the great tragedies of
history that the Russian Revolution, whose number one cause was the
abuse of land ownership by the Russian nobles, swerved aside to follow
the Communist lead of Marx and Lenin instead of following the lead of
Russia's greatest humanitarian. Count Leo Tolstoi who was a disciple of
Henry George and said: "Solving the land question means the solving
of all social questions.
Possession of land by people who do not
use it is immoral -- just like the possession of slaves."
Many people would also agree that it is another of history's great
tragedies that the Chinese Revolution likewise followed Marx and Lenin
and Chou en Lai down the road to ruin instead of following the path laid
out by China's great philosopher-president, Sun Yat-Sen, another
disciple of Henry George, who said: "The (land tax) as the only
means of supporting the government is an infinitely just, reasonable,
and equitably distributed tax, and on it we will bound our new system."
It's fine that almost everybody here is beginning to see that everybody
else needs land reform, and it's fine that so many people are beginning
to realize that land reform abroad should include land value taxation,
but I think it is much more important and much more encouraging that
people are beginning to recognize the importance of land reform right
here at home and people are beginning to see that reform must begin with
the great tax reform whose economic impact and moral rightness Henry
George so nobly and eloquently dramatized.
It is nonsense to say Henry George is out of date and his message no
longer holds true in today's vastly changed and changing world. The fact
is that Henry George was so far ahead of his time that the full
importance of what he preached is just beginning to be felt. In Henry
George's lifetime the moral case for full land value taxation was that
the market price of unimproved land derived, not from what any past or
present owner had done to make it valuable, but on what other people had
done by building a community around it. Today that moral case for land
value taxation is far, far stronger, for in these days land is almost
unsaleable unless the community has spent thousands of dollars for
many-times-more-costly schools, libraries, highways, streets, sidewalks,
water supplies, sewer lines and sewage plants to make the land easily
accessible and pleasantly usable. In other words, the market price of
unimproved land today derives very largely from an enormous expenditure
of other people's tax dollars. For example, the New York Regional Plan
Association says the tax payers will have to spend an average of $7,400
to provide streets, sewers, schools, etc., for each added family of the
New York area's population from now to 1975. That's another way of
saying that if a lot sells for $8,000, all but $600 of that $8,000 price
will reflect what other taxpayers have spent to make that lot accessible
and usable. So the moral case for taxing away the owner's unearned
increment in the price of his land is far, far stronger than it was in
Henry George's lifetime.
In like manner the economic case for land value taxation is stronger
today than ever before. In Henry George's time our cities had hardly
begun to grow, so urban and suburban land prices had hardly begun to
climb. In nine years since 1955 land prices have risen more than they
rose in all the nine generations of American life on which Henry George
could look back to develop his argument for land value taxation.
Inside our cities this tremendous price rise since 1955 has made high
land-costs the number one reason millions of poor families can't get
decent homes. It is the number one obstacle making urban renewal
impossible without big subsidies. Outside our cities high land costs
have become number one cause of suburban sprawl forcing the home
-builders to leap-frog far out into the countryside to find land they
can afford to build on, and now high costs threaten to price good new
single family houses out of the market.
So Henry George is anything but out of date. America, like all the rest
of the world, needs Henry George and his teachings today more then ever.
And thanks to you dedicated Georgists who have been true to his faith
through many years of public neglect, Henry George and his message are
still alive today to meet our more and more urgent need for them.
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