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German economist. He was interned in Britain while studying at Oxford at the outbreak of World War 2. After the war he served as economic adviser to the British Control Commission in Germany (1946--50), and with the National Coal Board (1950--70). His concern for the Third World was expressed in his book Small Is Beautiful (1973), and he founded the Intermediate Technology Group to develop tools and ideas appropriate to the culture and traditions of the people using them.