.
Pure Wreckonomics -- The
Questionable Link Between Population and Poverty |
[Reprinted from The
Freeman, January, 1939]
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Puerto Rico is in trouble and something is going to be done about it-
by the Islanders themselves and by their benevolent Uncle Samuel. Puerto
Rican officials announce that an effort is to be made to enforce the law
limiting corporate ownership of land to 500 acres. Labor is being robbed
by a small number of large land holding corporations; henceforth the law
will see to it that labor is robbed by a large number of small ones. It
is all a little foggy -- like calling grand larceny a crime and petty
larceny legitimate business -- but no doubt it will be a great help to
labor.
Secretary Ickes is going to do his part with a $50,000,000 Insular
Reconstruction Corporation that is to wipe out unemployment and make
every one prosperous and happy, just like we are at home, where we have
been reconstructed from AAA to WPA. with the happy result that
unemployment has been reduced, in the short space of only four or five
years and at a cost of only four or five billion dollars, from
11,000,000 to 10,999,999.
The newspapers are doing their part, too, bless them. The trouble with
Puerto Rico, so the New York Times gravely informs us, is that it is too
thickly inhabited, the density of population being 449 to the square
mile. And Mr. Walter Lippmann, though not writing of Puerto Rico, makes
it doubly clear that population is a curse. In his Thanksgiving Day
column in New York Herald Tribune. Mr. Lippmann explains, if he does not
condone, the brutal aggression of Italy and Germany against helpless
countries and racial minorities by attributing it to the pressure of
population. There can be no permanent peace, he says, unless other lands
consent to absorb a million or so human beings annually, of Europe's
surplus population.
Thus we have one vote for more and smaller robbers, one vote for a
more-abundant life miracle and two votes for race suicide. No one voted
for an understanding and application of economic principles.
The population of Germany, before her recent attempt to relieve the
pressure by seizure of an unoffending neighboring country of utmost
equal density of population, was 324 to the square mile, while that of
Italy is 349. But in Belgium and Holland, models of peace and prosperity
by comparison, the density is almost double, being 698 and 610 to the
square mile respectively. England's population is 742 to the square
mile, while happy little Bermuda, where unemployment and abject poverty
are almost unknown, basks in the sun with more than 1,400 persona to the
square mile. Coming to our own states, we find New Jersey has 491 to the
square mile and no fault is found except that Mayor Hague is one of
them; Massachusetts numbers 514 to the square mile and Rhode Island 550.
Should these countries and states take a page out of Hitler's book, or
should they speak to Mr. Ickes about it?
The ills of the world are plentiful enough but they are not due to
overpopulation. In no country has growth of population been as rapid as
advance in the arts of production. Compared with its capacity to support
human life, the world is greatly underpopulated. There are not many of
us. Hendrik Van Loon says that all the people on the globe could be
stuffed into a packing case measuring only half a mile in each
direction. No country ever had more people than it could support. No
country ever had any people unless it could produce something needed for
the gratification of human desires -- people don't go to such countries,
fitting able to produce some needful thing, it is In effect, through the
exchangeability of wealth, capable of producing all needful things. Men
in their stupidity make trade difficult or impossible by the erection of
artificial barriers, just as they foolishly countenance private
ownership in land. These are the things that cause economic distress,
not overpopulation.
Henry George says, "That amid our highest civilization men faint
and die with want is not due to the niggardliness of nature, but to the
injustice of man. Vice and misery, poverty and pauperism, are not the
legitimate results of the dncrease of population and industrial
development; they only follow increase of population and industrial
development because land is treated as private property -- they are the
direct and necessary results of the violation of the supreme law of
justice, involved in giving to some men the exclusive possession of that
which nature provides for all men."
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