Economics as an Exact Science |
[Reprinted from Land and Freedom, May-June 1940]
|
In these last few years, thanks to Ingersoll, Beckwith and others,
a new realization seems to have developed of the immediate need for
a scientific approach to this subject of Economics. While the fields of
Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics and Engineering have been studiously classifying and organizing their data, Economics appears to have
marked time, in this respect. Isn't it the duty of this generation to
correct this condition?
To date, so far as I am aware, there is no such thing as a Scientific
Text-book of Economics. We have books galore, it is true, but no
logical, consecutive chain of reasoning from the simple to the complex.
The subject appears to be in the same stage of evolution as Mathematics in the pre-Euclidean era, a verbal foot-ball to be argued about
and kicked around from pillar to post.
It seems to me that any attempt to bring order out of the present
chaos requires:
- Authoritative definitions of terms.
- Axiomatic statements of basic truths.
- A system of rigid, consistent, step-by-step proofs from axioms
to theorems representing basic laws and principles by as nearly
mathematical treatment as possible.
- Units for measurement and comparison of quantitative relations.
- Symbols and formulae for brevity and exactitude of expression.
Just because the field of Economics involves the sometimes uncertain element of human nature, do we have to throw up our hands and
say no positive statement is possible? Personally, I am unwilling to
admit it.
Economics deals with "Matter," as does Physics, only Economic
Matter consists of "Goods with the power of satisfying Desire." It
deals with "Force," but instead of a push or pull, Economic Force
is "Desire," the greatest of all forces. And it deals with "Resistance,"
but instead of mechanical friction or electrical ohms, "Economic Resistance" is the man-hours of work to be overcome in the production
and transportation from raw material to product in the consumer's
hands. Tie these quantities together by the formula W = JD R
where W = Wealth expressed in Goods
D = Desire
R = Resistance
and we have the simplest possible expression of a basic truth.
The above is mentioned only as a sample. The ground work of
definitions and axioms should of course come first; then the super-
structure. Yet if such a method could once establish the truths of
Economics on as sound and reliable a basis as has been laid for our
other Sciences, one of the greatest sources of confusion and misunderstanding would be removed.
We no longer argue about the law of gravity, the combination
chemical reagents, the bending movement of a beam or the flow of
current in an electric circuit. We know these things. In case a question arises, we turn directly to the text-book for verification. Why
not for Economics?
LAND AND FREEDOM is our best publication. It can speak most
authoritatively for the movement. It has the widest circle of contacts.
Would it not be worth while to invite its readers to offer their consideration toward such a purpose, so that after summarizing and sifting out the best of the material received, publication of the final results
might be made in text-book form?
|